SPINA Carb 5.1.0 Cyclone available

Johannes W. Dietrich — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 10:27:43 -0000

SPINA Carb 5.1.0 Cyclone has been released. This app calculates SPINA-GBeta, SPINA-GR, SPINA-DI and other biomarkers from fasting concentrations of insulin and glucose. It is available as ready-to-use binary for macOS and Windows and as source code in Object Pascal for other operating systems.

The software can be downloaded from
https://sourceforge.net/projects/spina/files/SPINA%20Carb/
and
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15249620

SPINA Thyr 4.2.1 released

Johannes W. Dietrich — Sat, 24 Feb 2024 17:40:31 -0000

SPINA_Thyr 4.2.1 has been released.

This new version fixes several minor bugs. It is compatible with Windows (32 and 64 bits), macOS (Intel and Apple Silicon) and several Unix and Linux variants.

https://spina.sourceforge.net
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3596049
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10700532

Combined with mathematical modelling, a single blood sample may be better than a complex test

Johannes W. Dietrich — Sat, 24 Feb 2024 17:38:50 -0000

Early diagnosis of diabetes mellitus continues to be a challenge. Established test protocols are either elaborate and expensive or of limited quality, and even the concept of prediabetes is debated. The key determinants of glucose homeostasis, beta cell function and insulin sensitivity, have low utility when assessed independently. Their combination, the dynamic disposition index, a measure of the feedback loop’s circular gain, is a more meaningful parameter for the homeostatic function. Still, its determination requires a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test, a complex and time-consuming procedure.

An innovative approach developed by our team members in Germany, India, Singapore and the UK promises to be not only simpler but even better. It is derived from SPINA Carb, a method to assess key properties of the feedback control system based on single measurements of insulin and glucose, and on mathematical modelling. The new technique delivers a novel fasting-based disposition index (SPINA-DI), which is obtained from the reconstructed beta cell function (SPINA-GBeta) and static insulin sensitivity (SPINA-GR).

Using computer simulations, we could show that the new parameter confirms a theory of dynamical compensation of insulin resistance by enhanced beta cell output in the metabolic syndrome. In a subsequent evaluation that was performed in three cohorts from the United States, Germany and India this assumption could be corroborated.

In all three populations, SPINA-DI correlated with important predictors of metabolic function including the response to oral glucose tolerance testing, the disposition index according to Matsuda and DeFronzo, HbA1c fraction, waist circumference and concentrations of free fatty acids, ghrelin and adiponectin.

Furthermore, SPINA-DI had higher retest reliability than other calculated markers of glucose homeostasis. For the diagnosis of diabetes, SPINA-DI had better accuracy than alternative methods including the dynamic disposition index based on frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance testing.

In summary, the new fasting-based disposition index provides an inexpensive, precise and reliable measure for the performance of the feedback loop. It may complement and, in many cases, replace established methods that are more costly and laborious.

Reference:
Dietrich JW, Abood A, Dasgupta R, Anoop S, Jebasingh FK, Spurgeon R, Thomas N, Boehm BO. A novel simple disposition index (SPINA-DI) from fasting insulin and glucose concentration as a robust measure of carbohydrate homeostasis. J Diabetes. 2024 Jan 2. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.13525. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38169110. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38169110/

SPINA Carb available

Johannes W. Dietrich — Sat, 24 Dec 2022 14:21:15 -0000

The SPINA methodology has been extended to insulin-glucose homeostasis. The algorithm, which delivers the secretory capacity of pancreatic beta cells (SPINA-GBeta) and insulin receptor gain (SPINA-GR), is explained in (1).

Version 5.0 of the SPINA Functions, available here, is cabable of calculating SPINA-GR and SPINA-GBeta.

Reference

1. Dietrich JW, Dasgupta R, Anoop S, Jebasingh F, Kurian ME, Inbakumari M, Boehm BO, Thomas N. SPINA Carb: a simple mathematical model supporting fast in-vivo estimation of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 21;12(1):17659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22531-3. PMID: 36271244; PMCID: PMC9587026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36271244/

SPINA Functions 5.0 released

Johannes W. Dietrich — Sat, 24 Dec 2022 14:17:27 -0000

As a kind of Christmas gift we released a major new version of the SPINA Functions for the statistical programming language S (including the environment R).

This new version implements SPINA Carb for the evaluation of insulin-glucose homeostasis (while providing the established markers of thyroid homeostasis as well) and is capable of calculating the secretory capacity of pancreatic beta cells (SPINA-GBeta) and insulin receptor gain (SPINA-GR). This version facilitates the statistical evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism with S scripts. The algorithms for the calculation are derived and explained in [1]

Version 5.0 of the SPINA Functions is available from https://sourceforge.net/projects/spina/files/SPINA%20for%20domain-specific%20applications/S%20scripts/ or via zenodo from https://zenodo.org/record/7479857#.Y6cI9S1XacY .

Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays,
JWD

Reference:

Dietrich JW, Dasgupta R, Anoop S, Jebasingh F, Kurian ME, Inbakumari M, Boehm BO, Thomas N. SPINA Carb: a simple mathematical model supporting fast in-vivo estimation of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. Sci Rep. 2022 Oct 21;12(1):17659. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22531-3. PMID: 36271244; PMCID: PMC9587026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36271244/

SPINA Thyr 4.2 released

Johannes W. Dietrich — Tue, 01 Nov 2022 07:49:50 -0000

Our plans are to update SPINA Thyr 4.2 to 4.2.1 to fix some minor issues. Under way is the development of version 5.0. This version will target additional platforms including macOS Silicon.

Year in Review: 2021

Johannes W. Dietrich — Sat, 01 Jan 2022 22:41:04 -0000

It has become some sort of tradition to deliver in the beginning of a new year a retrospective view on the development of the SPINA methodology and the associated software. I don’t want to do without this now, too.

Mankind had to suffer from another Corona year. Certainly, most of us didn’t expect that the COVID-19 pandemic would wear on for such a long time.

Despite all difficulties, at least the SPINA methodology enjoyed continued attention. Again, multiple studies demonstrated the utility of the methodology for our pathophysiological understanding and for clinical applications.

Traditionally, the group of Robert Krysiak in Katowice uses to publish pharmacological trials using the SPINA technique. In a paper published in the journal Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology they report a stimulatory effect of supplementation therapy with vitamin D on thyroid’s secretory capacity (SPINA-GT) in women [1]. This effect is potentiated by simultaneous therapy with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). The group made a similar observation in men, where the effect was reduced in early-onset andro-genetic alopecia [2]. Both papers underscore the complex (and still not fully understood) interaction of sex hormones, vitamin D metabolism and thyroid homeostasis.

The already well-known effect of metformin treatment on SPINA-GT and thyroid function, in general, was confirmed by a new study that demonstrated thyroid’s secretory capacity to rise under metformin [3]. However, this effect was only observed in those women that also received hormone replacement therapy with oestradiol.

Already in the last retrospective, we reported on a Chinese study that showed the phenotype of Parkinsonian disease to be related to SPINA-GT and total deiodinase activity (SPINA-GD). This observation was now repeatedly delineated in a small Chinese review article [4].

Of course, it would be an act of omission to withhold negative results. A Chinese group didn’t find a relation between serum concentrations of the resolvin D1 (RVD1) and SPINA-GT or SPINA-GD (in a, however, very small population) [5]. They found, however, associations to the central set point of thyroid homeostasis, quantified with Jostel’s TSH index and TTSI.

A large population-based observational study from Germany including the SHIP and SHIP-2 cohorts found an age-dependent correlation of biomarkers of body composition with SPINA-GD and Jostel’s TSH index [6]. This may reflect effects of allostatic load. This paper was also reviewed and discussed in the blog of the German Society of Endocrinology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Endokrinologie, DGE) [7].

Another population-based study, conducted in the Chinese province Fujian, found a significant negative correlation of markers for metabolic syndrome (e. g. BMI and WHR) and SPINA-GT [8]. Open remains the question if reduced thyroid’s secretory capacity reflects obesity-induced degeneration of the thyroid or a causative factor for metabolic syndrome.

A study including subjects undergoing coronary intervention could show reduced sum activity of peripheral step-up deiodinases (SPINA-GD) to be a significant predictor of major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) [9]. This may reflect non-thyroid illness syndrome (NTIS) or thyroid allostasis in critical illness, tumours, uraemia and starvation (TACITUS).

Another Chinese study suggests SPINA-GT, SPINA-GD and a quite new marker for the central set point of the feedback loop (TFQI) to predict the development of impaired kidney function and renal failure [10]. TACITUS may play a role here as well.

The substantial role that endocrine disruptors play in the development of several chronic diseases is increasingly recognised. A study could now demonstrate a significant positive correlation between the urinary excretion of phthalates with SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD in subjects with type 2 diabetes [11].

For about 200 years it is known that thyroid hormones strongly influence the heart rhythm. The mechanism is, however, still poorly understood. In an own study, we could show that SPINA-GT significantly correlates to the Tp-e and JT intervals in ECG recordings [12]. These repolarisation markers are important predictors of severe arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Disturbed repolarisation may play a significant part in the increased cardiovascular risk in thyrotoxicosis.

At the end of the year, an interesting psychoendocrinological paper was published. In a cohort of subjects with schizophrenia, it could be demonstrated that SPINA-GT and markers of the central set point of the feedback loop significantly decrease under therapy with oxcarbazepine [13]. The paper that was published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology delivers a possible explanation for the well-known, but still poorly understood influence of this dibenzazepine on thyroid function.

Together with markers for tissue effects of thyroid hormones structural parameters of the feedback loop including SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD might in future be helpful to solve the ongoing controversy of subclinical thyroid disorders [14].

Please keep again in mind that this list may be incomplete. Of course, I can only report on papers that are known to me. An automated PubMed query used by us is unable to find all publications as well. Any hints to overlooked papers are welcome.

On May 26th, 2021 we published SPINA Thyr 4.2. This version introduces some new functionality, including roaming support for managed Windows installations (as employed e. g. by large hospitals) and bug fixes. SPINA Thyr 4.2 is available for macOS, Windows and Linux.

Since its publication at SourceForge the software was downloaded there more than 10,000 times, from 116 countries in all continents except Antarctica (but including near-earth space). Please find current news on SPINA again via http://spina.sourceforge.net or our Twitter channel at https://twitter.com/SPINATeam.

References

Krysiak R, Szkróbka W, Okopień B. Dehydroepiandrosterone potentiates the effect of vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid women with autoimmune thyroiditis: A pilot study. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2021 Feb;48(2):195-202. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13410. Epub 2020 Oct 16. PMID: 33007106. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33007106/ https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13410
Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. The impact of exogenous vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid men with autoimmune thyroiditis and early-onset androgenic alopecia. Pharmacol Rep. 2021 Oct;73(5):1439-1447. doi: 10.1007/s43440-021-00295-3. Epub 2021 Jun 9. PMID: 34106452; PMCID: PMC8460519. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34106452/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-021-00295-3
Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. The impact of metformin on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in postmenopausal women with untreated non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2021 Nov;48(11):1469-1476. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13542. Epub 2021 Jun 29. PMID: 34145615. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34145615/ https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13542
谭寅寅: 血清甲状腺激素和甲状腺稳态结构参数测定在帕金森病临床分型中的意义. https://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10422-1020061647.htm
Song J, Sun R, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Zhao D. Role of the Specialized Pro-resolving Mediator Resolvin D1 in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2021 Nov;129(11):791-797. doi: 10.1055/a-1345-0173. Epub 2021 Jan 19. PMID: 33465800. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33465800/ https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1345-0173
Ittermann T, Markus MRP, Bahls M, Felix SB, Steveling A, Nauck M, Völzke H, Dörr M. Low serum TSH levels are associated with low values of fat-free mass and body cell mass in the elderly. Sci Rep. 2021 May 18;11(1):10547. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90178-7. PMID: 34006958; PMCID: PMC8131378. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34006958/ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90178-7
Dietrich JW. Erhöhte TSH-Konzentration bei Adipositas: Beginnende Hypothyreose oder Sollwert-Verstellung im Hypothalamus? Zum Weltschilddrüsentag am 25. Mai 2021. Blog der DGE. https://blog.endokrinologie.net/erhoehte-tsh-konzentration-bei-adipositas-4847/
Wu K, Zhou Y, Ke S, Huang J, Gao X, Li B, Lin X, Liu X, Liu X, Ma L, Wang L, Wu L, Wu L, Xie C, Xu J, Wang Y, Liu L. Lifestyle is associated with thyroid function in subclinical hypothyroidism: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2021 May 28;21(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s12902-021-00772-z. PMID: 34049544; PMCID: PMC8161919. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34049544/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-021-00772-z
Yuan D, Jia S, Zhu P, Zhang C, Liu Y, Liu R, Xu J, Tang X, Zhao X, Gao R, Yang Y, Xu B, Gao Z, Yuan J. Usefulness of FT3 to FT4 Ratio to Predict Mortality in Euthyroid Patients With Prior Cardiovascular Events Undergoing PCI: Five-Year Findings From a Large Single-Center Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Jul 5;12:700349. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.700349. PMID: 34290672; PMCID: PMC8287966. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34290672/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.700349
Yang S, Lai S, Wang Z, Liu A, Wang W, Guan H. Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index correlates strongly to renal function in euthyroid individuals. Ann Med. 2021 Dec;53(1):1945-1955. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1993324. PMID: 34726096; PMCID: PMC8567884. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34726096/ https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2021.1993324
Chen Y, Zhang W, Chen J, Wang N, Chen C, Wang Y, Wan H, Chen B, Lu Y. Association of Phthalate Exposure with Thyroid Function and Thyroid Homeostasis Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2021 Oct 27;2021:4027380. doi: 10.1155/2021/4027380. PMID: 34746318; PMCID: PMC8566079. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34746318/ https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4027380
Aweimer A, Schiedat F, Schöne D, Landgrafe-Mende G, Bogossian H, Mügge A, Patsalis PC, Gotzmann M, Akin I, El-Battrawy I, Dietrich JW. Abnormal Cardiac Repolarization in Thyroid Diseases: Results of an Observational Study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Nov 23;8:738517. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.738517. PMID: 34888359; PMCID: PMC8649843. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34888359/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.738517
Zhai D, Chen J, Guo B, Retnakaran R, Gao S, Zhang X, Hao W, Zhang R, Zhao Y, Wen SW. Oxcarbazepine was associated with risks of newly developed hypothyroxinaemia and impaired central set point of thyroid homeostasis in schizophrenia patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Dec 1. doi: 10.1111/bcp.15163. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34855997. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34855997/ https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15163
Hoermann R, Midgley JEM, Larisch R, Dietrich JW. Treatment options for subclinical hypothyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021 Aug 4;185(3):L5-L6. doi: 10.1530/EJE-20-1405. PMID: 34243143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34243143/ https://doi.org/10.1530/eje-20-1405

SPINA Thyr 4.2 released

Johannes W. Dietrich — Fri, 28 May 2021 19:37:23 -0000

With immediate effect, SPINA Thyr 4.2 (Kontinuum) is available at Sourceforge and Zenodo. This is a major new release that provides new features including roaming folder support and bug fixes. The new version is available for macOS, Windows and Linux from http://spina.sourceforge.net or via the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3596049.

Year in Review: 2020

Johannes W. Dietrich — Fri, 01 Jan 2021 17:20:16 -0000

Although 2020 was a difficult year, with respect to the SPINA methodology it was a promising again. Multiple scientific projects could make use of SPINA, thereby gaining new insights.

A group from Katowice in Poland demonstrated an interesting interaction of oral contraceptives, metformin and thyroid function. Although thyroid’s secretory capacity (SPINA-GT) decreases under contraception, the well-known increase under metformin is more pronounced in probands on contraceptives. Similar considerations apply to Jostel’s TSH index (JTI) mirroring the central set point of the feedback loop [1]. This may be one of the reasons why the positive effects of metformin on life expectancy and cognitive performance depend on a complex pattern including age, sex and comorbidity matrix [2].

A Chinese working group observed a fascinating relationship between thyroid function and the phenotype of Parkinsonian disease. In tremor-dominant and mixed types, SPINA-GT proved to be higher than in the akinetic-rigid type. Conversely, the sum activity of peripheral step-up deiodinases (SPINA-GD) was elevated in the akinetic type. Progressive severity of the disease was associated with a decreased set point of the homeostatic system, as measured with JTI and the thyrotroph thyroid hormone sensitivity index (TTSI) [3].

In diabetic nephropathy, SPINA-GD predicted both a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR, Odds Ratio 0.754–0.852) and albuminuria (OR 0.926–0.977), as demonstrated by another Chinese group in the METAL study. The conclusions apply to a subgroup of euthyroid subjects, too. These results underscore type 1 thyroid allostasis (TACITUS syndrome) to be of significance in chronic disease, too [4]. This as well extends to another study from China that described reduced SPINA-GD and slightly increased SPINA-GT in subjects with short bowel syndrome [5].

For a long time, a strong influence of endocrine disruptors on thyroid function has been suspected. Recently, a group from South Korea demonstrated that this applies to early and subtle alterations, too. They found a positive correlation of SPINA-GD and the urinary concentration of phthalate metabolites and a negative correlation of bisphenol A excretion and deiodinase capacity [6]. In a second study, the same group described a positive correlation of mercury excretion with SPINA-GT and of cadmium excretion with SPINA-GD. Conversely, SPINA-GD was negatively correlated to mercury excretion [7]. These results provide clues for potential mechanisms linking endocrine disruptors and other environmental pollutants with thyroid function.

For some time, a (positive) influence of vitamin D and selenium on the biology of the thyroid is being discussed as well. Now, a study from Poland demonstrated that combination therapy of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and selenomethionine is able to raise both SPINA-GT and SPINA-GD. Confirming earlier studies (see our review of 2019), this fits well the physiological roles played by vitamin D and especially selenium. Interestingly, this effect is mitigated by prolactinemia [8]. The same group observed in men with hypothyroidism thyroid's secretory capacity to be increased under therapy with dehydroepiandrosterone [9].

A strong influence of thyroid hormones on the heart is well known. Now, a group from Austria and Germany found a significant association between SPINA-GT and resting heart rate [10]. The results suggest that the thyrocardiac axis is more active than previously assumed and that some effects may be observed well before free hormones or even the TSH concentration change (vide infra for our own studies).

In an own study, we could demonstrate that in patients receiving TSH-suppressive therapy due to thyroid cancer, SPINA-GD was significantly lower than in true hyperthyroidism resulting from Graves's disease, toxic adenoma or toxic multinodular goitre [11]. The difference was for SPINA-GD more pronounced than for FT3 and more unambiguous than for FT4. TSH didn't differ at all among the groups. Unlike FT4 and FT3, SPINA-GD was independent of the TSH category. If these results get confirmed, SPINA-GD could be utilised for the differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and factitious thyrotoxicosis.

In another project (THORACAL study) we observed that increased SPINA-GT is a significant risk factor for malignant cardiac arrhythmia. Here, we included patients with heart disease that underwent supply with an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD). Immediately before implant TSH, FT4 and FT3 were determined and from the results, we calculated SPINA-GT, SPINA-GD and JTI. All included subjects were euthyroid according to the reference ranges for TSH, FT4 and FT3. What we found was that both SPINA-GT and JTI in the upper tertile of their respective reference range were associated with increased risk for adequate shock due to ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. Additionally, subjects with SPINA-GT of 4.2 pmol/s or higher or with JTI of 2.8 or higher were faced with a significantly lower chance of shock-free survival. This observation suggests thyrogenic arrhythmia to have a dual aetiology, viz. early primary hyperthyroidism (even before the onset of subclinical dysfunction) and increased set point of the feedback loop, which may be explained by genetic or epigenetic effects or by chronic psychosocial stress representing type 2 allostatic load [12].

For the first time, these results might provide a convincing explanatory model for the up to now poorly understood and debated observations of the Rotterdam study that showed within-reference range high-normal FT4 concentration to be associated with significantly increased risk of sudden cardiac death [13].

Similar conclusions may apply to the Takotsubo syndrome (TTS, aka stress cardiomyopathy). In a cohort of patients with TTS, we measured thyroid hormones and calculated structural parameters. We compared the results with those of normal subjects from the NHANES cohort and of patients with acute coronary syndrome from the AQUA FONTIS study. Using machine learning, we could identify two clusters (stress type and endocrine type of TTS). As in the THORACAL study, the two types mirror type 2 allostatic load and ensuing primary hyperthyroidism, representing two alternative ways to heart disease. This is reflected by significantly increased thyroid's secretory capacity (SPINA-GT) in TTS [14].

In general, allostatic load (AL) might be an understudied but strong influencing factor for thyroid function. Obviously, this applies to both patients and normal subjects: By calculating the SIQALS 2 score, quantifying allostatic load, we could detect a strong correlation of AL and several markers of thyroid function (including SPINA-GT and JTI) in the NHANES collective. Instrumental variable regression suggests this to represent a causal relationship. A parallel meta-analysis revealed similar changes in post-traumatic stress disorder [15]. These results underscore the previously underestimated role of psychoendocrine relations.

Due to this continuously growing number of important results, it may perhaps not be surprising that calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis are now increasingly covered in recommendations and guidelines [16, 17, 18].

On January 25th, 2020, we could publish SPINA Thyr 4.1.1, an update of version 4.1 fixing several minor bugs. The software runs on macOS, Windows and Linux and is, as always, available from http://spina.sf.net or via the DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3596049. On March 31st, 2020, we published version 4.0.2 and on September 1st version 4.0.3 of the "sister program" SimThyr. This software, which covers the theoretical foundations of the SPINA methodology, is available from http://simthyr.sf.net or https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1303822.

References

Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Wolnowska M, Okopień B. The impact of oral hormonal contraception on metformin action on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in women with diabetes and prediabetes: A pilot study. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2020 Oct;45(5):937-945. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13105. Epub 2020 Jan 5. PMID: 31903641. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31903641/ https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.13105
Chaudhari K, Reynolds CD, Yang SH. Metformin and cognition from the perspectives of sex, age, and disease. Geroscience. 2020 Feb;42(1):97-116. doi: 10.1007/s11357-019-00146-3. Epub 2020 Jan 2. PMID: 31897861; PMCID: PMC7031469. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31897861/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-019-00146-3
Tan Y, Gao L, Yin Q, Sun Z, Man X, Du Y, Chen Y. Thyroid hormone levels and structural parameters of thyroid homeostasis are correlated with motor subtype and disease severity in euthyroid patients with Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci. 2020 Mar 24:1-11. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1744595. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32186220. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32186220/ https://doi.org/10.1080/00207454.2020.1744595
Chen Y, Zhang W, Wang N, Wang Y, Wang C, Wan H, Lu Y. Thyroid Parameters and Kidney Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the METAL Study. J Diabetes Res. 2020 Mar 28;2020:4798947. doi: 10.1155/2020/4798947. PMID: 32337292; PMCID: PMC7149438. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32337292/ https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4798947
Wan S, Yang J, Gao X, Zhang L, Wang X. Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome in Patients With Short-Bowel Syndrome. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020 Jul 22. doi: 10.1002/jpen.1967. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32697347. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32697347/ https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.1967
Choi S, Kim MJ, Park YJ, Kim S, Choi K, Cheon GJ, Cho YH, Jeon HL, Yoo J, Park J. Thyroxine-binding globulin, peripheral deiodinase activity, and thyroid autoantibody status in association of phthalates and phenolic compounds with thyroid hormones in adult population. Environ Int. 2020 Jul;140:105783. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105783. Epub 2020 May 25. PMID: 32464474. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32464474/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105783
Kim, M. J., Kim, S., Choi, S., Lee, I., Moon, M. K., Choi, K., … Park, J. (2021). Association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals with thyroid hormones in general adult population and potential mechanisms. Science of The Total Environment, 762, 144227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144227
Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. Hyperprolactinaemia attenuates the inhibitory effect of vitamin D/selenomethionine combination therapy on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A pilot study. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2020 Dec;45(6):1334-1341. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13214. Epub 2020 Jul 10. PMID: 32649802. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32649802/ https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.13214
Krysiak R, Szkróbka W, Okopień B. Impact of dehydroepiandrosterone on thyroid autoimmunity and function in men with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020 Nov 27. doi: 10.1007/s11096-020-01207-w. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33245519. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33245519/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01207-w
Steinberger E, Pilz S, Trummer C, Theiler-Schwetz V, Reichhartinger M, Benninger T, Pandis M, Malle O, Keppel MH, Verheyen N, Grübler MR, Voelkl J, Meinitzer A, März W. Associations of Thyroid Hormones and Resting Heart Rate in Patients Referred to Coronary Angiography. Horm Metab Res. 2020 Dec;52(12):850-855. doi: 10.1055/a-1232-7292. Epub 2020 Sep 4. Erratum in: Horm Metab Res. 2020 Sep 14;: PMID: 32886945. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32886945/ https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1232-7292
Hoermann R, Midgley JEM, Larisch R, Dietrich JW. Heterogenous biochemical expression of hormone activity in subclinical/overt hyperthyroidism and exogenous thyrotoxicosis. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2020 Feb 8;19:100219. doi: 10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100219. PMID: 32099819; PMCID: PMC7031309. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32099819/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100219
Müller P, Dietrich JW, Lin T, Bejinariu A, Binnebößel S, Bergen F, Schmidt J, Müller SK, Chatzitomaris A, Kurt M, Gerguri S, Clasen L, Klein HH, Kelm M, Makimoto H. Usefulness of Serum Free Thyroxine Concentration to Predict Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in Euthyroid Patients With Structural Heart Disease. Am J Cardiol. 2020 Apr 15;125(8):1162-1169. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.01.019. Epub 2020 Jan 29. PMID: 32087999. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32087999/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.01.019
Chaker L, van den Berg ME, Niemeijer MN, Franco OH, Dehghan A, Hofman A, Rijnbeek PR, Deckers JW, Eijgelsheim M, Stricker BH, Peeters RP. Thyroid Function and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study. Circulation. 2016 Sep 6;134(10):713-22. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020789. PMID: 27601558. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27601558/ https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.115.020789
Aweimer A, El-Battrawy I, Akin I, Borggrefe M, Mügge A, Patsalis PC, Urban A, Kummer M, Vasileva S, Stachon A, Hering S, Dietrich JW. Abnormal thyroid function is common in takotsubo syndrome and depends on two distinct mechanisms: results of a multicentre observational study. J Intern Med. 2020 Nov 12. doi: 10.1111/joim.13189. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33179374. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33179374/ https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13189
Dietrich JW, Hoermann R, Midgley JEM, Bergen F, Müller P. The Two Faces of Janus: Why Thyrotropin as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor May Be an Ambiguous Target. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Oct 26;11:542710. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.542710. PMID: 33193077; PMCID: PMC7649136. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33193077/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.542710
Persani L, Brabant G, Dattani M, Bonomi M, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Fliers E, Gruters A, Maiter D, Schoenmakers N, van Trotsenburg ASP. 2018 European Thyroid Association (ETA) Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Central Hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J. 2018 Oct;7(5):225-237. doi: 10.1159/000491388. Epub 2018 Jul 19. PMID: 30374425; PMCID: PMC6198777. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30374425/ https://doi.org/10.1159/000491388
Pilz, S., Theiler-Schwetz, V., Malle, O. et al. Hypothyreose: Guidelines, neue Erkenntnisse und klinische Praxis. J. Klin. Endokrinol. Stoffw. 13, 88–95 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41969-020-00114-9
Monzani, M.L., Piccinini, F., Simoni, M. et al. Terapia sostitutiva tiroidea e risposta tissutale: quando il TSH non basta. L'Endocrinologo 21, 319–324 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40619-020-00775-3

SPINA Thyr 4.1.1 available

Johannes W. Dietrich — Sat, 25 Jan 2020 18:22:07 -0000

With immediate effect, SPINA Thyr 4.1.1, a bug fix release mainly addressing issues on Windows 10 and macOS Catalina, is available from http://spina.sf.net .

Recent posts to Discussion

SPINA Carb 5.1.0 Cyclone available

SPINA Thyr 4.2.1 released

Combined with mathematical modelling, a single blood sample may be better than a complex test

SPINA Carb available

SPINA Functions 5.0 released

SPINA Thyr 4.2 released

Year in Review: 2021

SPINA Thyr 4.2 released

Year in Review: 2020

SPINA Thyr 4.1.1 available